{"id":4138,"date":"2020-04-16T10:38:31","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T10:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/?p=4138"},"modified":"2020-05-12T03:11:27","modified_gmt":"2020-05-12T03:11:27","slug":"japan-crypto-asset-regulation-financial-services-agency-changes-psa-fiea-may-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/zh-hant\/blog\/japan-crypto-asset-regulation-financial-services-agency-changes-psa-fiea-may-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Japan&#8217;s Financial Services Agency (FSA)To Enforce New Crypto-Asset Exchange Regulations from 1 May 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>1. <a href=\"#introduction\">Introduction<\/a><br>   &#8211;<a href=\"#summary-tl-dr\"> Summary (TL;DR)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. <a href=\"#japan-payment-services-act-may-2020-changes-to-crypto-asset-regulation\">Payment Services Act: May 2020 crypto revisions<\/a><br>   &#8211; <a href=\"#japan-virtual-currencies-renamed-to-crypto-asset-exchange-platform-caep\">New definitions: Crypto-assets and CAEPs<\/a><br>   &#8211; <a href=\"#japanese-crypto-exchanges-must-separate-user-assets-from-cash-flow\">Separation of crypto exchanges&#8217; cash flow and users&#8217; funds<\/a><br>   &#8211;<a href=\"#japanese-crypto-asset-custodians\"> Crypto custodians to register with FSA<\/a><br>   &#8211; <a href=\"#japan-regulation-of-privacy-coins\">Regulation of privacy coins<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. <a href=\"#japan-FIEA-may-2020-changes-to-crypto-asset-regulation\">Financial Instruments &amp; Exchange Act (FIEA): May 2020 crypto revisions<\/a><br>   &#8211; <a href=\"#Electronically-recorded-transferrable-rights-ertr\">What are &#8220;electronically recorded transferrable rights (ERTRs<\/a>)?<br>   &#8211; <a href=\"#japan-fsa-limited-derivative-based-crypto-trading\">Limited derivative-based crypto trading<\/a><br>   &#8211; <a href=\"#japan-fsa-bans-unfair-acts-crypto-advertising-speculation-rumor-spreading\">Prohibition of Unfair Acts of Advertising, Speculation, and Rumors<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. <a href=\"#japan-crypto-industry-response\">Response from Japan&#8217;s Crypto Industry<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. <a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction\">1. Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Another watershed moment for Japan&#8217;s regulation of cryptocurrency assets and exchanges is looming.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On May 1st, 2020,  Japan&#8217;s new crypto-asset regulations, promulgated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/news\/r1\/sonota\/20200403\/20200403.html\">in April 2019<\/a>, officially finally come into effect. The new legislation that amends Japan&#8217;s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp\/law\/detail\/?id=3078&amp;vm=02&amp;re=02\">Payment Services Act <\/a>(PSA) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\/common\/law\/fie01.pdf\">Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA)<\/a> will be enforced by Japan&#8217;s leading financial regulator, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsa.go.jp\">Financial Services Agency<\/a> (FSA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/financial-services-agency-japan-logo.png\" alt=\"financial services agency japan logo\" class=\"wp-image-4178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/financial-services-agency-japan-logo.png 750w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/financial-services-agency-japan-logo-600x211.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In short, the regulations will help to protect crypto investors who entrust cryptocurrency exchanges and custodians with their assets, and also bring derivatives, security token offering (STOs) and Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) under the oversight of the FSA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new regulatory changes focus mainly on three areas: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Regulating crypto exchanges, custodians and products<\/li><li>Reforming existing &#8220;virtual currency&#8221; terminology<\/li><li>Creating measures to ensure proper transactions<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/FLAG_twitter-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4148\" width=\"580\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/FLAG_twitter-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/FLAG_twitter-1-600x300.png 600w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/FLAG_twitter-1-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary-tl-dr\">Summary of Revisions (TL; DR )<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PSA Amendments:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u201cVirtual currency\u201d term changed to \u201ccrypto-asset\u201d<\/li><li>Exchanges must keep user funds with 3rd party, preferably in &#8220;cold wallets&#8221;<\/li><li>If user funds are kept in &#8220;hot wallets&#8221;, the exchange must hold assets of a similar value<\/li><li> Crypto asset custodians must now register with FSA<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">FIEA Amendments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u201cElectronically recorded transferable rights\u201d (&#8220;ERTRs&#8221;) covers STO and ICO tokens<\/li><li> New limits to crypto-asset derivative transactions<\/li><li> New regulation to deter crypto-related unfair acts<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japan-payment-services-act-may-2020-changes-to-crypto-asset-regulation\">2. Payment Services Act (PSA): May 2020  Crypto Asset Revisions <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The Payment Services Act (PSA) of Japan requires virtual currency exchange platforms (VCEPs) to register with the FSA for an operating license since April 2017.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The application process was made even tougher in 2018 after two major exchange hacks (Coincheck and Zaif) and now requires an in-depth investigation of the exchange\u2019s AML\/KYC procedures, security and compliance with global AML\/CFT measures like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/blog\/who-must-comply-with-fatf-recommendation-16-crypto-travel-rule\/\">FATF\u2019s Recommendation 16.&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to the complexity of Japanese regulations, which is further fortified by its self-regulatory organization JVCEA, it is very difficult for foreign-based exchanges to get an operating license in Japan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/japan-tsunami.png\" alt=\"tsunami wave painting\" class=\"wp-image-4147\" width=\"519\" height=\"334\"\/><figcaption>Exchanges are finding it difficult to navigate the waters around Japan&#8217;s crypto regulation<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In May 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/japan-hopes-to-set-global-crypto-law-benchmark-with-latest-regulatory-update\">new crypto-regulating changes <\/a>to the Payment Services Act were approved by parliament, to be enforced from the 1st of May 2020. They are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japan-virtual-currencies-renamed-to-crypto-asset-exchange-platform-caep\">1. Virtual currencies renamed to \u201ccrypto-assets\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The new PSA amendment changes basic legal terminology from \u201cvirtual currency\u201d to \u201ccrypto-asset\u201d when referring to digital assets. <br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/jp\/en\/legal\/news\/assets\/legal-20190425-en.pdf\">According to a PwC report,<\/a> this is to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>align with terminology as used in international meetings such as in the G20<\/li><li>avoid confusion and help users distinguish between <a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/japan-hopes-set-global-crypto-181300719.html\">crypto-assets and fiat currencies<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VCEPs are now CAESPs<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, while the PSA previously called them \u201cVirtual Currency Exchange Platforms\u201d (VCEPs) or Virtual Currency Exchange Service Providers (VCESPs), exchanges are now referred to as \u201cCrypto Asset Exchange Service Providers\u201d (CAESPs) who deliver \u201ccrypto-asset exchange services\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Digital, Virtual, Crypto, Asset or Currency?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This name change is a bit odd, as at present though there is no universal cut-and-dried nomenclature for cryptocurrencies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, the FATF\u2019s June 2019 guidance refers to cryptocurrencies as virtual assets, while the European Union\u2019s 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD5) uses the phrase \u201cvirtual currencies\u201d and the U.S. Crypto-Currency Act of 2020 draft bill uses the catchall term \u201cdigital assets\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It can be argued that &#8220;virtual asset&#8221; and &#8220;virtual asset service provider (VASP) would be more suitable, in order to align Japanese regulation with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) &#8216;s definition of exchanges and cryptocurrencies, as well as incoming measures like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/blog\/what-is-fatf-recommendation-16-for-vasps\/\">FATF Recommendation 16 &#8220;travel rule&#8221; for VASPs.<\/a> Japan is a senior FATF member and follows the global regulator&#8217;s FATF Standards very closely. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another possible reason may be that it\u2019ll help the FSA separate \u201ccoin\u201d-based crypto like Bitcoin and Ethereum from tokens issued by initial coin offerings (ICOs) and security token offerings (STOs). We\u2019ll discuss this distinction further down.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In any case, Japanese authorities are taking this name change seriously, as is evident with the Japanese Finance Minister <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/japans-finance-minister-urges-reporters-to-adopt-new-legal-term-crypto-assets\">urging reporters in 2019<\/a> to use the term \u201ccrypto-assets\u201d moving forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japanese-crypto-exchanges-must-separate-user-assets-from-cash-flow\">2. Exchanges must separate customer funds from their own cash flows<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Oki-Matsumoto.jpg\" alt=\"New owner Monex Group CEO (Mr. Oki Matsumoto pictured here) has successfully rehabilitated Coincheck after its 2018 hack\" class=\"wp-image-3598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Oki-Matsumoto.jpg 740w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Oki-Matsumoto-600x337.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><figcaption>Monex Group CEO (Mr. Oki Matsumoto pictured here) acquired and rehabilitated Coincheck after its 2018 hack<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>This new rule has very serious implications for smaller exchanges and seems to be in response to previous Japanese exchange hacks. <br>In order to mitigate the risk from hackers breaching their defenses, virtual asset exchanges will now be required to store their customers\u2019 assets separately from their own cash flows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0How must Japanese exchanges store user funds in 2020?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Exchanges must use third-party operators (such as trust or custodian service) to keep custody of their users\u2019 assets.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The PSA recommends using a reliable and <strong>\u201cdesignated method\u201d<\/strong> such as offline storage in secure cold wallets, unless it hampers the execution of smooth operations.&nbsp;<\/li><li>If exchanges must use \u201chot\u201d (ie. internet-connected and therefore vulnerable) wallets, they are now obligated to hold \u201cthe same kind and the same quantities of crypto assets\u201d in order to repay their users in case of the hot wallet gets hacked.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>While these are certainly tough specifications, they are also very prudent and designed to deter exit scamming. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blockonomi-9fcd.kxcdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/coincheck-ceo.jpg\" alt=\"The History of The Coincheck Hack: One of The Largest Heists Ever\"\/><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/coincheck-to-refund-all-customers-affected-by-hack-faced-by-community-support\">Coincheck&#8217;s 2018 hack<\/a> resulted in stringent new regulation and a transformed exchange<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider for example that both Coincheck\u2019s $550 million (58 billion yen) theft of NEM\/XEM tokens and Tech Bureau Corp\u2019s 7 billion yen hack are both shockingly attributed to the fact that they kept all these virtual assets in a hot wallet which only required a secret key to unlock. These new measures will force exchanges to be more responsible in how they store users\u2019 assets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japanese-crypto-asset-custodians\">3. Crypto custodians must register with FSA <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"517\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/japan-crypto-fsa-3.jpeg\" alt=\"japan financial services agency\" class=\"wp-image-1408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/japan-crypto-fsa-3.jpeg 728w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/japan-crypto-fsa-3-300x213.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/japan-crypto-fsa-3-260x185.jpeg 260w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/japan-crypto-fsa-3-705x501.jpeg 705w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/japan-crypto-fsa-3-450x320.jpeg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Controversially, crypto custodians are now subjected to tougher restrictions and must also register with the FSA for a license as a crypto-asset exchange service provider. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This comes despite the fact that most custodians, like trust funds, only safeguard and transfer crypto assets per the owner\u2019s instructions. They rarely provide any exchange services such as buying, selling or trading crypto assets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The FSA defended this decision by pointing out that prior to the new amendment, custodial services were subjected to the same risks that VCEPs had to mitigate, such as cyberattacks, the risk of a VCEP collapsing and AML\/CFT threats.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Still, the amendments are ambiguous and not set in stone. More information will likely follow post-implementation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japan-regulation-of-privacy-coins\">4. Privacy and Anonymous Coins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite a pledge to do so earlier, the changes still don\u2019t directly cover <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pwc.com\/jp\/en\/legal\/news\/assets\/legal-20190425-en.pdf\">\u201cproblematic crypto-assets\u201d<\/a> like privacy or anonymous coins such as Monero. However, the FSA is working on regulations and it is expected that further changes will be announced this year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japan-FIEA-may-2020-changes-to-crypto-asset-regulation\">Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (FIEA): May 2020 Update<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The Financial Instruments and Exchange Law (<em>\u91d1\u878d\u5546\u54c1\u53d6\u5f15\u6cd5, Kin&#8217;y\u016b sh\u014dhin torihiki-h\u014d<\/em>) applies to Japanese financial institutions, including banks, that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=bbe3b158-47dd-4b8b-ab1d-c8757cb1619a\">deal with securities<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Until now, FIEA hasn\u2019t defined any \u201cvirtual currencies\u201d to be securities. With the pivot to the term \u201ccrypto-assets\u201d and the recently introduced concept \u201celectronically recorded transferable rights (ERTRs), the FSA is starting to customize its regulation of different types of digital assets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The FSA\u2019s May 2019 updates to FIEA can be summarized as followed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>STO and ICO tokens are now considered to be neither \u201ccrypto-assets\u201d nor \u201cvirtual currencies\u201d, but instead \u201celectronically recorded transferrable rights (ERTRs).<\/li><li>The FSA will now regulate crypto-asset derivatives trading in order to protect users<\/li><li>New legislation targets \u201cunfair acts\u201d in crypto trading, such as speculation, rumors, and false information that intends to artificially influence crypto prices or buying action.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s take a closer look.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-electronically-recorded-transferrable-rights-ertr\">1. What are \u201celectronically recorded transferable rights\u201d (ERTRs)?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The new concept of \u201celectronically recorded transferable rights\u201d (ERTRs) now brings tokens from the likes of initial coin offerings (ICOs) and security token offerings (STOs) under the regulatory oversight of the FIEA.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u201cERTR\u201d applies to crypto tokens that are issued with <em>the expectation of profit,<\/em> such as security tokens. However, the FSA has been quick to make the distinction that ERTRs cannot be considered \u201ccrypto-assets\u201d (which are regulated by the Payment Services Act).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the 3 criteria for ERTRs?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>ERTR tokens must fulfill three criteria, according to Japanese law firm <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amt-law.com\/asset\/pdf\/bulletins2_pdf\/190523.pdf\">Anderson Mori &amp; Tomotsune:<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Investors must invest cash or assets to a business<\/li><li>The investors\u2019 cash or assets are invested in the business<\/li><li>Investors are entitled to dividends of profits or assets created by these investments.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The FIEA updates are reminiscent in some aspects of U.S. legislature such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/h\/howey-test.asp\">Howey Test <\/a>and the proposed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/blog\/what-is-cryptocurrency-act-of-2020\/\">Crypto-Currency Act of 2020 draft bill <\/a>that divides digital assets into 3 categories.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japan-fsa-limited-derivative-based-crypto-trading\">2. A limit on derivative-based crypto trading<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/margin-trading.jpg\" alt=\"margin trader \" class=\"wp-image-4150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/margin-trading.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/margin-trading-600x375.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/margin-trading-768x480.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/bitcoinist.com\/\">Bitcionist.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Derivative-based trading is an increasing headache for the FSA as it\u2019s mostly unregulated and poses a significant financial risk to traders. According to the JVCEA, leveraged trading (like margin trading) made up over 80% of crypto trades in Japan between 2017 and 2018. That\u2019s why the SRO imposed a maximum of 4x on margin trading.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/KKkKdM7k8riCsDSxmO97Wdi2jsOKGEWXnDHg4YHKtkqDndwjgWfPX1NKyfH1MJaTAGTwP635w5rgHHyHw7cyvfKMPXdCC2MgKkFixkTbK4etwmfY5K8AU_6KXjE1MJ68M4e0bEun\" alt=\"81% of Japanese crypto trades are on derivatives (CoinTelegraph)\"\/><figcaption>81% of Japanese crypto trades are derivative-based (<a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/japan-hopes-to-set-global-crypto-law-benchmark-with-latest-regulatory-update\">CoinTelegraph<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>While the FIEA doesn\u2019t specify an exact number, the FSA will likely take the JVCEA\u2019s limit into account when they later amend this again.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japan-fsa-bans-unfair-acts-crypto-advertising-speculation-rumor-spreading\">3. Prohibition of \u201cunfair acts\u201d of advertising, speculation, and rumors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Up until now, Japanese legislation like the PSA has not covered solicitation and advertising by crypto-asset exchange services. To mitigate the threat that unchecked self-promotion by ICO&#8217;s and social media influencers pose to crypto investors, the new regulations now require Crypto Asset Exchange Service Providers (CAESPs) to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amt-law.com\/asset\/pdf\/bulletins2_pdf\/190523.pdf\">take appropriate measures<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This includes disclosing clear and specific information in advertisements and other marketing communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Financial Services Agency of Japan now <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/revised-crypto-laws-in-japan-to-be-enforced-starting-may-1\">prohibits false representation<\/a> and exaggerated advertising that try to boost speculative investing, as well as false rumor spreading intended to negatively affect certain crypto assets\u2019 prices.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"581\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/speakerphone_crypto_fakenews.png\" alt=\"speakerphone fake news\" class=\"wp-image-4156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/speakerphone_crypto_fakenews.png 581w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/speakerphone_crypto_fakenews-571x450.png 571w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px\" \/><figcaption>Image: ccn.com<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/japan-hopes-set-global-crypto-181300719.html\">Anderson Mori &amp; Tomotsune<\/a>, these include the following actions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>engaging in fake sales and purchases<\/li><li>participating in collusive sales and purchases<\/li><li>entrusting or accepting any entrustment of fake sales and purchases or collusive sales and purchases;<\/li><li>engaging in market manipulation through actual sales and purchases<\/li><li> engaging in market manipulation through representations and certain similar acts<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"japan-crypto-industry-response\">Reaction from Japanese Crypto Industry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The majority of Japanese crypto-asset exchanges are <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/japan-officially-approves-bill-to-amend-national-legislation-governing-crypto-regulation\">buoyed by the clearer regulations<\/a> and the leading role that Japan is taking to help create global benchmark legislation to regulate crypto assets more progressively.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In interviews with <a href=\"https:\/\/cointelegraph.com\/news\/japan-hopes-to-set-global-crypto-law-benchmark-with-latest-regulatory-update\">CoinTelegraph Japan<\/a>, a couple of exchanges had the following to say:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cWe are very positive. Clear rules are expected to help institutional investors enter, leading to market expansion.\u201d <\/p><cite>BitPoint<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201cBy clarifying&#8230;regulation&#8230;, we believe that it will lead to the healthy development of the cryptocurrency industry. On the other hand, there is also concern that the term change to crypto assets may be a setback for cryptocurrency as a means of payment.\u201d <\/p><cite>Coincheck&nbsp;<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/japan-cryptonewz-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/japan-cryptonewz-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/japan-cryptonewz-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/japan-cryptonewz-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/japan-cryptonewz.jpg 1248w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>Credit: <a href=\"http:\/\/CryptoNewz.com\">CryptoNewz.com<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The new amendments to Japan\u2019s PSA and FIEA laws play a fine balancing act: they promise to protect Japanese crypto-asset owners even more, but also gives exchanges a very clear playbook in order to stay on the FSA\u2019s right side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While some of these regulations are strict, they are also fair and set a firm foundation on which Japanese regulators build in the coming years.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, by raising the barriers even further for new exchanges, the FSA is sending a clear message to institutional businesses that crypto-assets like Bitcoin are here to stay. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The only variable is how to regulate them effectively. Japan\u2019s progressive cryptocurrency policy certainly leads the way for the rest of the world.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japan regulator FSA is enforcing new PSA and FIEA crypto-asset legislation for Japanese exchanges and custodians from 1 May 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,37],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-blog-posts"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Japan&#039;s Financial Services Agency (FSA)To Enforce New Crypto-Asset Exchange Regulations from 1 May 2020 - Sygna<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Japan&#039;s Financial Services Agency is enforcing new PSA and FIEA crypto-asset regulations for Japanese exchanges and virtual asset custodians from May 2020.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sygna.io\/zh-hant\/blog\/japan-crypto-asset-regulation-financial-services-agency-changes-psa-fiea-may-2020\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_TW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Japan&#039;s Financial Services Agency (FSA)To Enforce New Crypto-Asset Exchange Regulations from 1 May 2020 - 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